Association of socioeconomic status and overactive bladder in US adults: a cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative data.

Background: Socioeconomic status inequality is an important variable in the emergence of urological diseases in humans. This study set out to investigate the association between the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) and the poverty income ratio (PIR) that served as a more influential indicator of socioeconomic status compared to education and occupation. Method: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted from 2007 to 2020 were used in this cross-sectional study. The association between the PIR and OAB was examined using weighted multivariate logistic regression and weighted restricted cubic splines (RCS). Additionally, interaction analysis was used for investigation to the connections between PIR and OAB in various covariate groups in order to confirm the stability of the results. Results: We observed a noteworthy inverse association between PIR and OAB after adjusting for potential confounding variables (OR = 0.87, 95% CI, 0.84-0.90, p < 0.0001). PIR was transformed into categorical variables, and the association held steady after that (1.0 < PIR <4.0 vs. PIR ≤ 1.0, OR = 0.70, 95% CI =0.63-0.77, p < 0.0001; PIR ≥ 4.0 vs. PIR ≤ 1.0, OR = 0.56, 95% CI =0.48-0.65, p < 0.0001). Additionally, RCS analysis showed that PIR and OAB had a negative nonlinear response relationship. Subgroup analyses showed that the inverse association between PIR and prevalence of OAB was stronger in obese than in nonobese individuals (P for interaction < 0.05). Conclusion: In our study, we observed a significant negative association between the PIR and the prevalence of OAB. In the future, PIR could be used as a reference standard to develop strategies to prevent and treat OAB.

Regulation of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in ferromagnetic multilayers.

Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (i-DMI) exists in the film materials with inversion symmetry breaking, which can stabilize a series of nonlinear spin structures and control their chirality, such as Néel-type domain wall, magnetic skyrmion and spin spiral. In addition, the strength and chirality of i-DMI are directly related to the dynamic behavior of these nonlinear spin structures. Therefore, regulating the strength and chirality of i-DMI not only has an important scientific significance for enriching spintronics and topological physics, but also has a significant practical value for constructing a new generation of memorizer, logic gate, and brain-like devices with low-power. This review summarizes the research progress on the regulation of i-DMI in ferromagnetic films and provides some prospects for future research.

New Formulation to Accelerate the Degradation of Pesticide Residues: Composite Nanoparticles of Imidacloprid and 24-Epibrassinolide.

Pest control effectiveness and residues of pesticides are contradictory concerns in agriculture and environmental conservation. On the premise of not affecting the insecticidal effect, the pesticide residues in the later stage should be degraded as fast as possible. In the present study, composite nanoparticles in a double-layer structure, consisting of imidacloprid (IMI) in the outer layer and plant hormone 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL) in the inner layer, were prepared by the W/O/W solvent evaporation method using Eudragit RL/RS and polyhydroxyalkanoate as wall materials. The release of IMI in the outer layer was faster and reached the maximum within 24 h, while the release of 24-EBL in the inner layer was slower and reached the maximum within 96 h. The contact angle of the composite nanoparticles was half that of the 5% IMI emulsifiable concentrate (EC), and the deposition of composite nanoparticles on rice was twice that of 5% IMI EC, which increased the pesticide utilization efficiency. Compared with the common pesticide, 5% IMI EC, the insecticidal effect of the composite nanoparticles was stronger than that of planthoppers, with a much lower final residue amount on rice after 21 days. The composite nanoparticles prepared in this study to achieve sustained release of pesticides and, meanwhile, accelerate the degradation of pesticide residues have a strong application potential in agriculture for controlling pests and promoting crop growth.